Most data technologies have grown out of early desire to accurately send mail. Before the rise of the inexpensive server, massive mainframe computers were used to maintain name and address data so that the mail could properly arrive at its destination. The mainframes used business rules to correct common misspellings and typos in name and address data, as well as to track customers who had moved, died, gone to prison, married, divorced, or experienced other life-changing events. Government agencies began to make postal data available to a few service companies to run customer against the national change of address registry (NCOA). This technology saved large companies millions of dollars compared to manually correcting customer data. Large companies saved on postage, as bills and direct marketing made its way to the intended customer more accurately. Initially sold as a service, data quality moved inside the walls of corporations, as low-cost and powerful server technology became available.
Although most companies think of name and address when they think of data quality, data quality is recognized today as the act of improving all types of data, such as supply chain data, ERP data, transactional data, and more. For example, making supply chain data conform to a certain standard has value to an organization by 1) avoiding overstocking of similar but slightly different stock; or 2) improving the understanding of vendor purchases to negotiate volume discounts; or 3) avoiding logistics costs in stocking and shipping parts across a large organization.
While name and address data has a clear standard as defined by local postal authorities, other types of data have few recognized standards. There is a movement in the industry today to standardize certain non-address data. The non-profit group GS1 is among those groups that are spearheading this movement.